Cotton (Gossypium spp.) has long been prized for its versatility and comfort. In Nepal, where agriculture remains the backbone of the economy, cotton represents both a niche cash crop and an opportunity for rural livelihoods. Below, we explore the history of cotton in Nepal, its current cultivation practices, the challenges farmers face, and the path toward a more sustainable, high-value cotton sector.
1. Historical Context and Production Zones
- Origins
Cotton was introduced into the Terai plains centuries ago via trade routes from India. Traditionally grown in small plots, it supplied local cottage‐industry weavers. - Key Growing Regions
- Kanchanpur and Bardiya: Warm, low‐lying Terai belt with long frost-free seasons.
- Kapilvastu and Rupandehi: Sandy loams and reliable monsoon rains favor upland cotton varieties.
2. Varieties and Planting Practices
- Commercial Varieties
- Desi Cotton (G. arboreum): Hardy local type, longer staple but lower yield.
- American Upland (G. hirsutum): High-yield hybrid with medium-long staple, introduced in the 1990s.
- Planting Calendar
- Land Preparation (February–March): Deep plowing and organic manure application.
- Sowing (April–May): At onset of pre-monsoon showers; seeds dibbled or dibbled behind a plow.
- Thinning & Weeding (June–July): Maintain 30 cm plant spacing; manual weeding or light intercultivation.